Howard, Robert Ervin 1906 1936 en 87 143346 Robert Ervin Howard (January 22, 1906 – June 11, 1936) was a classic American pulp writer of fantasy, horror, historical adventure, boxing, western, and detective fiction. Howard wrote "over three-hundred stories and seven-hundred poems of raw power and unbridled emotion" and is especially noted for his memorable depictions of "a sombre universe of swashbuckling adventure and darkling horror." He is well known for having created — in the pages of the legendary Depression-era pulp magazine Weird Tales — the character Conan the Cimmerian, a.k.a. Conan the Barbarian, a literary icon whose pop-culture imprint can be compared to such icons as Tarzan of the Apes, Sherlock Holmes, and James Bond. Between Conan and his other heroes Howard created the genre now known as sword-and-sorcery in the late 1920s and early 1930s, spawning a wide swath of imitators and giving him an influence in the fantasy field rivaled only by J.R.R. Tolkien and Tolkien's similarly inspired creation of the modern genre of High Fantasy. There is no evidence that Tolkien was influenced by the earlier author, however. A full century after his birth, Howard remains a seminal figure, with his best work endlessly reprinted. He has been compared to other American masters of the weird, gloomy, and spectral, such as Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, and Jack London. Source: Wikipedia Kipling, Rudyard 1865 1936 en 7 62330 Joseph Rudyard Kipling (December 30, 1865 – January 18, 1936) was an English author and poet, born in India, and best known today for his children's books, including The Jungle Book (1894), The Second Jungle Book (1895), Just So Stories (1902), and Puck of Pook's Hill (1906); his novel, Kim (1901); his poems, including Mandalay (1890), Gunga Din (1890), and "If—" (1910); and his many short stories, including "The Man Who Would Be King" (1888) and the collections Life's Handicap (1891), The Day's Work (1898), and Plain Tales from the Hills (1888). He is regarded as a major "innovator in the art of the short story"; his children's books are enduring classics of children's literature; and his best work speaks to a versatile and luminous narrative gift. Kipling was one of the most popular writers in English, in both prose and verse, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The author Henry James famously said of him: "Kipling strikes me personally as the most complete man of genius (as distinct from fine intelligence) that I have ever known." In 1907, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, making him the first English language writer to receive the prize, and he remains today its youngest-ever recipient. Among other honours, he was sounded out for the British Poet Laureateship and on several occasions for a knighthood, all of which he rejected. However, later in life Kipling also came to be seen (in George Orwell's words) as a "prophet of British imperialism." Many saw prejudice and militarism in his works, and the resulting controversy about him continued for much of the 20th century. According to critic Douglas Kerr: "He is still an author who can inspire passionate disagreement and his place in literary and cultural history is far from settled. But as the age of the European empires recedes, he is recognized as an incomparable, if controversial, interpreter of how empire was experienced. That, and an increasing recognition of his extraordinary narrative gifts, make him a force to be reckoned with." Source: Wikipedia Chesterton, Gilbert Keith 1874 1936 en 8 25310 Gilbert Keith Chesterton (29 May 1874 – 14 June 1936) was one of the most influential English writers of the 20th century. His prolific and diverse output included journalism, philosophy, poetry, biography, Christian apologetics, fantasy and detective fiction. Chesterton has been called the "prince of paradox." Time magazine, in a review of a biography of Chesterton, observed of his writing style: "Whenever possible Chesterton made his points with popular sayings, proverbs, allegories—first carefully turning them inside out." For example, Chesterton wrote the following: Thieves respect property. They merely wish the property to become their property that they may more perfectly respect it. Chesterton is well known for his reasoned apologetics and even those who disagree with him have recognized the universal appeal of such works as Orthodoxy and The Everlasting Man. Chesterton, as political thinker, cast aspersions on both Liberalism and Conservatism, saying: The whole modern world has divided itself into Conservatives and Progressives. The business of Progressives is to go on making mistakes. The business of the Conservatives is to prevent the mistakes from being corrected. Chesterton routinely referred to himself as an "orthodox" Christian, and came to identify such a position with Catholicism more and more, eventually converting to Roman Catholicism. George Bernard Shaw, Chesterton's "friendly enemy" according to Time, said of him, "He was a man of colossal genius". Gorky, Maxim 1868 1936 ru 6 5494 Aleksey Maksimovich Peshkov (March 28 [O.S. March 16] 1868 – June 18, 1936), better known as Maxim Gorky, was a Russian/Soviet author, a founder of the socialist realism literary method and a political activist. From 1906 to 1913 and from 1921 to 1929 he lived abroad, mostly in Capri, Italy; after his return to the Soviet Union he accepted the cultural policies of the time, although he was not permitted to leave the country. James, Montague Rhodes 1862 1936 en 2 4115 Montague Rhodes James, OM, MA, (August 1, 1862 – June 12, 1936), who used the publication name M. R. James, was a noted British mediaeval scholar and provost of King's College, Cambridge (1905–1918) and of Eton College (1918–1936). He is best remembered for his ghost stories which are widely regarded as among the finest in English literature. One of James' most important achievements was to redefine the ghost story for the new century by dispensing with many of the formal gothic trappings of his predecessors, and replacing them with more realistic contemporary settings. Unamuno, Miguel de 1864 1936 es 1 2566 Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo (Bilbao, 29 de septiembre de 1864 - Salamanca, 31 de diciembre de 1936), escritor y filósofo español. En su obra cultivó gran variedad de géneros literarios. http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_de_Unamuno Pirandello, Luigi 1867 1936 it 3 1684 Luigi Pirandello est un écrivain italien, poète, novelliste, romancier et dramaturge, né le 28 juin 1867 à Agrigente en Sicile au lieu dit « Le Chaos », entre Agrigente et Porto Empedocle, durant une épidémie de choléra, et mort à Rome le 10 décembre 1936. Il a été lauréat du Prix Nobel de littérature en 1934. Lu, Xun 1881 1936 zh 1 1582 Representante máximo del Movimiento del Cuatro de Mayo, está considerado el padre de la literatura moderna en China. Nacido en la localidad de Shaoxing, en la provincia de Zhejiang, de pequeño le dieron el nombre de Zhou Zhangshou, que más adelante cambiaría por el definitivo de Zhōu Shùrén. Entre 1902 y 1909 vivió en Japón, donde empezó a estudiar medicina en la Facultad de Medicina de Sendai (en la actualidad parte de la Universidad de Tohoku). Sin embargo, Lu Xun no acabaría sus estudios de medicina. Según él mismo contaría años más tarde, la convicción de que lo que China realmente necesitaba era una reforma de su cultura y su sociedad habría provocado su pérdida de interés por la medicina. Lu Xun decidió dedicarse a la literatura. En 1909 vuelve a China, instalándose en Pekín. Participa en la revista reformista Nueva Juventud (新青年 xīnqīngnián). En esta revista se publica en 1918 su relato breve "Diario de un Loco", obra pionera en su género escrita en lengua vernácula. En este momento, empieza a utilizar el pseudónimo "Lu Xun". En los años siguientes, continuará escribiendo y seguirá comprometido con su causa reformista. En 1921, participaría de manera destacada en la Liga de Escritores de Izquierda. Durante este tiempo, Lu Xun participó en polémicas sobre el sentido de la literatura como medio de reforma social. Además de defender el uso de la lengua vernácula, Lu Xun abogaba también por la abolición del uso de los caracteres chinos, y se mostró partidario de la adopción del sistema de escritura latinxua, uno de los múltiples sistemas de escritura del chino con alfabeto latino. En la primavera de 1936. Pocos meses después, Lu Xun moría, aquejado de tuberculosis, en Shanghai. Camp, Wadsworth 1879 1936 en 1 907 Merwin, Samuel 1874 1936 en 2 736